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Quantum physicists have developed methods to control particle spin using electromagnetic pulses, a concept central to technologies like MRI scans and drug development. Christiane Koch, a professor at Freie Universität Berlin, explains that these techniques answer the practical question of how to reach a desired quantum state quickly, reliably, and accurately. The new approach allows pulses to invert nuclear spins about 10 times faster than conventional methods previously used.

These improved protocols extend beyond medical imaging to controlling individual molecules, including chiral forms that differ in biological effect. Tailored microwave sequences can transfer one form into a selected quantum state while leaving the other unaffected, a prerequisite for separating them. The researchers also note that these methods have enabled nonclassical superposition, where an atom occupies several different configurations at once, a capability that had no protocol before this study.

However, the authors highlight limitations, stating that optimal control requires an accurate model of the quantum system and a well-calibrated experiment. Koch emphasizes that quantum measurements are scarce and expensive, noting that "Quantum physics is not big data." Consequently, the researchers see the combination of optimal control with machine learning as the most promising direction for future research.